Upper respiratory tract

Upper Respiratory Tract

The Upper respiratory tract is the part of the respiratory system that is responsible for inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide. It includes the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx.

Anatomy

The upper respiratory tract begins at the nose and nasal cavity, which are the primary entryways for air into the body. The nasal cavity is divided into two nostrils by the nasal septum. The nostrils are lined with hairs and mucus that help filter out dust and other particles from the air.

The pharynx, or throat, is a tube-like structure that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus. It serves as a passageway for both air and food.

The larynx, or voice box, is located at the top of the trachea, or windpipe. It contains the vocal cords, which vibrate to produce sound.

Function

The main function of the upper respiratory tract is to filter, warm, and humidify the air we breathe before it reaches the lungs. The hairs and mucus in the nose and nasal cavity trap dust, bacteria, and other particles, preventing them from entering the lungs. The warm, moist environment of the nasal cavity also helps to humidify the air, making it easier for the lungs to absorb oxygen.

The upper respiratory tract also plays a crucial role in speech. The larynx houses the vocal cords, which vibrate to produce sound. The shape and tension of the vocal cords can be altered to change the pitch and volume of the sound.

Diseases and Disorders

There are many diseases and disorders that can affect the upper respiratory tract. These include:

• Common cold: A viral infection that causes a runny nose, sneezing, and a sore throat.
• Influenza: A more severe viral infection that can cause fever, chills, muscle aches, and fatigue.
• Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses, often caused by a bacterial or viral infection.
• Pharyngitis: Inflammation of the pharynx, often caused by a bacterial or viral infection.
• Laryngitis: Inflammation of the larynx, often caused by overuse of the voice, a viral infection, or exposure to irritants.

See Also

• Lower respiratory tract
• Respiratory system
• Common cold
• Influenza
• Sinusitis
• Pharyngitis
• Laryngitis

Upper respiratory tract Resources
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