Erica Ollmann Saphire

Hypertension
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Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Headache, dizziness, shortness of breath
Complications	Heart disease, stroke, kidney failure
Onset	Gradual
Duration	Long term
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetics, diet, lifestyle
Risks	Obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption
Diagnosis	Blood pressure measurement
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Lifestyle changes, medication
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke.

Signs and Symptoms

Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because it typically has no symptoms until it has caused significant damage to the heart and arteries. Some people with high blood pressure may experience headaches, dizziness, or shortness of breath.

Causes

The exact cause of hypertension is often unknown, but several factors can contribute to its development, including:

• Genetics
• Unhealthy diet, particularly high salt intake
• Lack of physical activity
• Obesity
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Smoking

Diagnosis

Hypertension is diagnosed by measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. A reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher is generally considered high.

Treatment

Treatment for hypertension typically involves lifestyle changes and medication. Lifestyle changes may include:

• Eating a healthy diet
• Reducing salt intake
• Engaging in regular physical activity
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Limiting alcohol consumption
• Quitting smoking

Medications used to treat hypertension include diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers.

Complications

If left untreated, hypertension can lead to serious health problems, including:

• Heart disease
• Stroke
• Kidney failure
• Vision loss

Prevention

Preventing hypertension involves adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol use.

See Also

• Cardiovascular disease
• Blood pressure
• Heart attack

External Links

• World Health Organization: Hypertension
• CDC: High Blood Pressure Erica Ollmann Saphire is a prominent scientist and professor known for her significant contributions to the field of virology, particularly in the study of the Ebola virus. Her research has been instrumental in understanding the structure and function of viral proteins, leading to the development of potential vaccines and therapeutics for some of the world's most deadly viruses.

Early Life and Education

Erica Ollmann Saphire was born in the United States. From a young age, she showed a keen interest in biology and the mechanisms of disease. Pursuing her passion, she obtained her Bachelor's degree in Molecular Biology from the University of California, Berkeley. She furthered her education by earning a Ph.D. in Molecular Biology from the Scripps Research Institute, where she focused on the structural biology of viruses.

Career and Research

After completing her Ph.D., Ollmann Saphire continued her research at the Scripps Research Institute, eventually becoming a full professor. Her work has primarily focused on understanding the molecular structure of viruses like Ebola, Lassa, and Marburg, which are known for causing severe hemorrhagic fevers. One of her most notable achievements is the elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of the Ebola virus glycoprotein, a key molecule that the virus uses to enter and infect human cells. This groundbreaking work has paved the way for the development of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies against Ebola. In addition to her research on Ebola, Ollmann Saphire has also contributed significantly to the study of other viral pathogens, including the Lassa virus. Her work has involved collaborative efforts through the Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Consortium, an international partnership aimed at finding medical solutions for hemorrhagic fevers.

Awards and Recognition

Throughout her career, Erica Ollmann Saphire has received numerous awards and honors in recognition of her contributions to science and medicine. These accolades highlight her role as a leading figure in the field of virology and her efforts to combat viral diseases.

Publications and Media

Ollmann Saphire has authored and co-authored numerous scientific papers published in prestigious journals. Her research findings have not only advanced the scientific community's understanding of viral structures but have also been featured in various media outlets, bringing attention to the importance of virology research.

Personal Life

Details about Erica Ollmann Saphire's personal life are not widely publicized, as she prefers to keep her private life separate from her professional achievements.

Legacy and Future Directions

Erica Ollmann Saphire's work continues to influence the field of virology, with ongoing research aimed at uncovering the mysteries of viral pathogens and developing effective countermeasures. Her dedication to science and her contributions to understanding and combating viral diseases will undoubtedly leave a lasting impact on global health.