Escutcheon

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Escutcheon

An escutcheon is a term used in heraldry to refer to a shield or shield-shaped emblem bearing a coat of arms. The escutcheon forms the main or focal element in an achievement of arms, which is a full display of all the heraldic components to which the bearer of a coat of arms is entitled.

Components of an Escutcheon[edit | edit source]

The escutcheon is typically divided into several sections, each of which can contain different heraldic charges or symbols. The main parts of an escutcheon include:

  • Field: The background of the shield, which can be a single color (tincture) or divided into multiple sections.
  • Ordinaries: Basic geometric shapes that are placed on the field, such as the pale, fess, bend, chevron, and cross.
  • Charges: Symbols or images placed on the field or ordinaries, such as animals, plants, objects, or mythical creatures.

Types of Escutcheons[edit | edit source]

Escutcheons can vary in shape and style depending on the region and time period. Some common types include:

  • Heater Shield: A classic medieval shield shape, resembling the bottom of a flat iron.
  • Lozenge: A diamond-shaped escutcheon, often used to display the arms of a woman.
  • Cartouche: An oval or elliptical shield, sometimes used in ecclesiastical heraldry.

Uses of Escutcheons[edit | edit source]

Escutcheons are used in various contexts, including:

  • Family Coats of Arms: Representing the lineage and heritage of a family.
  • Institutional Heraldry: Used by organizations, such as universities, military units, and governmental bodies.
  • Ecclesiastical Heraldry: Employed by churches and religious institutions to symbolize their authority and heritage.

Related Heraldic Elements[edit | edit source]

In addition to the escutcheon, an achievement of arms may include other elements such as:

  • Crest: A figure or device placed above the shield.
  • Helmet: Positioned above the shield and below the crest.
  • Mantling: Decorative drapery tied to the helmet.
  • Supporters: Figures or animals placed on either side of the shield.
  • Motto: A phrase or slogan associated with the arms.

See Also[edit | edit source]

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD