Ethanol metabolism

Ethanol metabolism is the process by which the body breaks down and eliminates ethanol, a type of alcohol commonly found in alcoholic beverages. This process primarily occurs in the liver, where enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase play key roles.

Process of Ethanol Metabolism

The metabolism of ethanol begins with its conversion to acetaldehyde by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. This reaction also produces NADH from NAD+, a coenzyme involved in several metabolic processes. Acetaldehyde is then further metabolized to acetate by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, producing another molecule of NADH.

The acetate produced from ethanol metabolism can be further metabolized to carbon dioxide and water, or it can be incorporated into other metabolic processes. The NADH produced during ethanol metabolism can inhibit other metabolic processes, leading to a buildup of lactic acid and fatty acids.

Health Effects of Ethanol Metabolism

The metabolism of ethanol can have several health effects. Acetaldehyde, the first product of ethanol metabolism, is a toxic compound that can cause cell damage and has been linked to the symptoms of hangover. The buildup of NADH can lead to metabolic acidosis, a condition characterized by an excess of acid in the body.

Chronic consumption of ethanol can lead to alcoholic liver disease, a condition characterized by inflammation and damage to the liver. This is due in part to the toxic effects of acetaldehyde and the metabolic changes caused by the buildup of NADH.

Genetic Factors in Ethanol Metabolism

There are genetic factors that can influence the rate of ethanol metabolism. Variations in the genes for alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase can affect the activity of these enzymes, leading to differences in the rate of ethanol metabolism and the accumulation of acetaldehyde. These genetic factors can influence an individual's susceptibility to alcoholism and other alcohol-related health problems.

See Also

• Alcohol dehydrogenase
• Aldehyde dehydrogenase
• Alcoholic liver disease
• Metabolic acidosis