European flounder

European Flounder (Platichthys flesus) is a species of flatfish belonging to the family Pleuronectidae. It is native to coastal waters of Europe, from the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. The European Flounder is a demersal fish, meaning it lives and feeds on or near the bottom of seas or lakes. This species is of significant importance to both commercial and recreational fisheries.

Description

The European Flounder has a typical flatfish shape, with both eyes situated on one side of its head, which is a common feature among flatfish as they evolve to live on the sea floor. The body color can vary from dark green to brown, providing camouflage against the seabed, with occasional spots and markings that help in blending with the ocean floor. It can grow up to 60 cm in length, but the average size is usually around 30 cm.

Habitat and Distribution

European Flounder prefers brackish waters and is commonly found in estuaries, lagoons, coastal waters, and sometimes in rivers. It has a wide distribution across Europe, indicating its adaptability to different environmental conditions. During spawning, it migrates towards deeper waters.

Diet

The diet of the European Flounder primarily consists of fish, crustaceans, and worms. Its position on the sea floor allows it to ambush prey, using its camouflaged appearance to avoid detection.

Reproduction

Spawning occurs between the months of March and August, depending on the geographical location. The European Flounder is oviparous, with females releasing up to 2 million eggs into the water column. The eggs are pelagic, drifting with the currents until hatching. Larvae are initially symmetrical, with one eye on each side of the head, but as they grow, one eye migrates to the other side, and the fish adopts a benthic lifestyle.

Conservation Status

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has not yet assessed the European Flounder specifically. However, it faces threats from habitat degradation, pollution, and overfishing in some areas. Conservation efforts and sustainable fishing practices are crucial for maintaining healthy populations.

In Cuisine

European Flounder is highly valued for its delicate flavor and is a popular choice in many European cuisines. It can be prepared in various ways, including frying, baking, and grilling. It is often served with a range of accompaniments, highlighting its versatility in culinary applications.

See Also

• Flatfish
• Fisheries
• Aquatic ecosystems
• Sustainable fishing