Extensor hallucis brevis muscle

Gray437-Musculus extensor hallucis brevis

Extensor hallucis brevis is a muscle located in the foot, specifically in the dorsal aspect of the foot. This muscle is important for the extension of the big toe and plays a crucial role in the biomechanics of the foot, particularly during the gait cycle.

Anatomy

The extensor hallucis brevis originates from the calcaneus, specifically from the dorsal surface of the calcaneus bone, near the origin of the extensor digitorum brevis. It inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe (hallux). The muscle is innervated by the deep peroneal nerve (Deep fibular nerve), which is a branch of the fibular nerve. The blood supply to the extensor hallucis brevis comes from the anterior tibial artery.

Function

The primary function of the extensor hallucis brevis is to extend the big toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint. This action is crucial for the push-off phase of walking, running, and jumping, as it helps to stabilize the foot and provides leverage for propulsion. Additionally, the muscle works in coordination with the extensor hallucis longus to extend the big toe, contributing to the balance and distribution of body weight on the foot.

Clinical Significance

Injuries or conditions affecting the extensor hallucis brevis can lead to difficulties in walking and performing activities that require foot stability and toe extension. Conditions such as hallux rigidus, which is characterized by stiffness and pain in the big toe, may involve dysfunction of the extensor hallucis brevis among other foot muscles. Furthermore, nerve compression or damage affecting the deep peroneal nerve can impact the function of this muscle, leading to weakness or paralysis of the toe extension.

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation exercises targeting the extensor hallucis brevis and surrounding muscles can be beneficial in recovering from injury and improving foot function. Exercises may include toe extension and flexion movements, strengthening exercises for the dorsal foot muscles, and activities that enhance coordination and balance.