FOXM1

FOXM1 is a gene that encodes a member of the forkhead box (FOX) family of transcription factors. These proteins are characterized by a distinct forkhead domain and play crucial roles in cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, and differentiation. The FOXM1 gene is essential for cell proliferation and is often overexpressed in human tumors, making it a potential target for cancer therapy.

Structure

The FOXM1 gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 12 (12p13.33). It spans approximately 7 kilobases and consists of 10 exons. The encoded protein, FOXM1, is a transcription factor with a molecular weight of approximately 75 kDa. It contains a forkhead domain, which is responsible for DNA binding, and a transactivation domain, which is involved in the regulation of target genes.

Function

FOXM1 plays a critical role in the regulation of the cell cycle. It is involved in the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase and from the G2 phase to the M phase. FOXM1 also regulates the expression of several genes involved in mitosis, including CENPF, PLK1, and AURKB. In addition to its role in cell cycle regulation, FOXM1 is involved in angiogenesis, tissue repair, and inflammation.

Clinical significance

Overexpression of FOXM1 has been observed in a variety of human cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, FOXM1 is considered a potential target for cancer therapy. Several small molecules that inhibit FOXM1 have been identified and are currently being evaluated in preclinical studies.

See also

• Forkhead box
• Transcription factor
• Cell cycle
• Cancer