F factor
F factor (or F plasmid) is a genetic element found in bacteria that allows them to perform a process known as bacterial conjugation. This process is a type of gene transfer that increases genetic diversity among bacteria.
Overview[edit | edit source]
The F factor, also known as the fertility factor, is a type of plasmid - a small, circular piece of DNA that is separate from the bacterial chromosome. It carries genes that code for the production of sex pilus, a structure that enables the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another.
Role in Bacterial Conjugation[edit | edit source]
In bacterial conjugation, a bacterium with the F factor (the donor) transfers a copy of the F factor to a bacterium without it (the recipient). This is achieved through the sex pilus, which forms a bridge between the two bacteria, allowing the transfer of the F factor.
Once the recipient bacterium has received the F factor, it becomes a potential donor itself. This process increases the genetic diversity among bacteria, which can contribute to their ability to adapt to changing environments and resist antibiotics.
F' Plasmid[edit | edit source]
In some cases, the F factor can integrate into the bacterial chromosome. When it is subsequently excised, it can carry with it a portion of the bacterial chromosome. This modified F factor, known as an F' plasmid, can then be transferred to a recipient bacterium, along with the chromosomal genes it carries. This process, known as Hfr conjugation, can lead to the rapid spread of new traits among bacteria.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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