Facial hemiatrophy

Facial hemiatrophy, also known as Parry-Romberg syndrome, is a rare neurological disorder characterized by progressive shrinkage and degeneration of the tissues beneath the skin, usually on one side of the face (hemifacial atrophy) but occasionally extending to the body.

Etiology

The exact cause of facial hemiatrophy is unknown. Some researchers believe it may be an autoimmune disorder, in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells and tissues. Other theories suggest a possible viral infection or a disturbance in the blood supply to the face may be involved.

Symptoms

The onset of facial hemiatrophy usually begins between the ages of 5 and 15 years. The progression of the disease occurs slowly over a period of years then stabilizes. Symptoms may include a change in skin color, hair loss, loss of subcutaneous fat, and facial muscle weakness. In some cases, the disease may also affect the tongue, soft palate, and pharynx, leading to difficulties in speech and swallowing.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of facial hemiatrophy is primarily based on the characteristic physical findings and symptoms. Advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI and CT scan, may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Treatment

There is no cure for facial hemiatrophy, and treatment is symptomatic and supportive. This may include plastic surgery or cosmetic surgery to improve the appearance of the face. Physical therapy may also be beneficial for some patients.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with facial hemiatrophy varies. In some cases, the atrophy stops progressing and remains stable. In others, it may continue to progress. The disorder does not typically affect life expectancy.

See also

• Hemifacial microsomia
• Goldenhar syndrome
• Autoimmune disease
• Neurological disorder