Fat cell

Fat cell, also known as an adipocyte, is a type of cell specialized in storing energy as fat. Fat cells are a major component of the adipose tissue, which is located beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow), and in breast tissue.

Structure

Fat cells are round cells filled with a large lipid droplet surrounded by a thin layer of cytoplasm. The nucleus is flattened and pushed to the periphery. A fat cell is approximately 0.1mm in diameter with some being twice that size and others half that size. The fat stored in the adipocyte consists of a triglyceride molecule.

Function

The primary function of fat cells is to store energy in the form of fat that is then used by the body as a source of energy. They also serve as insulators and cushions for the body, protecting internal organs and tissues. Fat cells secrete numerous hormones, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and apelin, which play crucial roles in regulating appetite, metabolism, and insulin sensitivity.

Types of Fat Cells

There are two types of fat cells: white fat cells and brown fat cells. White fat cells are the most common and store energy for other cells to use. Brown fat cells, on the other hand, burn energy to generate heat and help maintain body temperature.

Health Implications

An excess of fat cells, particularly in the form of visceral fat, can lead to various health problems such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. Conversely, a deficiency of fat cells can result in conditions such as lipodystrophy.

See Also

• Adipose tissue
• Obesity
• Metabolic syndrome
• Lipodystrophy