Fenclofenac

Fenclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that was used in the past for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It belongs to the acetic acid derivatives class of NSAIDs, similar to diclofenac. Fenclofenac was primarily indicated for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and other musculoskeletal disorders. Despite its effectiveness, the use of fenclofenac was discontinued in many countries due to its association with serious side effects, particularly liver toxicity.

Mechanism of Action

Fenclofenac works by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that play a key role in the inflammation process. By inhibiting COX, fenclofenac reduces the production of prostaglandins, thereby decreasing inflammation and pain.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetic profile of fenclofenac involves absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations occurring a few hours after oral administration. It is extensively metabolized in the liver, and its metabolites are excreted primarily through the kidneys. The half-life of fenclofenac is relatively short, necessitating multiple doses per day to maintain its therapeutic effect.

Adverse Effects

The adverse effects of fenclofenac are similar to those of other NSAIDs and include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and the potential for gastrointestinal bleeding. However, the most concerning side effect of fenclofenac is its hepatotoxicity, which led to its withdrawal from the market in several countries. Patients taking fenclofenac may experience elevated liver enzymes, and in severe cases, liver failure.

Clinical Use and Discontinuation

Fenclofenac was used in the treatment of various inflammatory conditions, providing relief from pain and swelling. However, due to safety concerns, particularly the risk of liver damage, its use has been discontinued. The withdrawal of fenclofenac from the market underscores the importance of monitoring for adverse effects and the need for safer therapeutic options in the treatment of inflammatory conditions.

See Also

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• Cyclooxygenase
• Prostaglandins
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Osteoarthritis