Flank gland

Flank gland is a type of scent gland found in certain species of mammals, notably the domestic dog and fox. These glands are located on the sides of the animal, typically in the region of the flank. They are responsible for producing and secreting pheromones, which are chemical signals used for communication between individuals of the same species.

Structure and Function

The flank glands are typically oval or round in shape and are located beneath the skin. They are composed of a cluster of sebaceous glands, which produce an oily substance. This substance is then secreted onto the skin and fur of the animal, where it can be detected by other individuals of the same species.

The primary function of the flank gland is to produce and secrete pheromones. These chemical signals can convey a variety of information, including the individual's sex, reproductive status, and social rank. In some species, the flank glands may also play a role in marking territory.

Species Differences

The size, shape, and function of the flank glands can vary significantly between different species. In the domestic dog, for example, the flank glands are relatively small and are primarily used for communication between individuals. In contrast, the flank glands of the fox are much larger and play a crucial role in marking territory.

Clinical Significance

In some cases, the flank glands can become inflamed or infected, leading to a condition known as flank gland hyperplasia. This can result in a variety of symptoms, including swelling, redness, and discomfort. Treatment typically involves the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and, in severe cases, surgical removal of the affected gland.

See Also

• Scent gland
• Pheromones
• Sebaceous gland