Foetal distress

Foetal distress refers to the condition of the foetus when it does not receive adequate oxygen during pregnancy or labour. It is a term commonly used in obstetrics to denote foetal hypoxia.

Causes

Foetal distress can be caused by a variety of factors. These include placental abruption, umbilical cord prolapse, uterine rupture, and prolonged labour. Other causes can be maternal health conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and preeclampsia.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of foetal distress is typically made based on a combination of maternal symptoms, foetal heart rate monitoring, and ultrasound imaging. Electronic foetal monitoring is a common method used to assess the foetus's heart rate pattern. Abnormal patterns may suggest foetal distress.

Management

The management of foetal distress depends on the cause, the gestational age of the foetus, and the severity of distress. In some cases, immediate delivery may be necessary to prevent further harm to the foetus. This can be achieved through caesarean section or instrumental delivery. In other cases, the condition can be managed with medical interventions such as oxygen therapy for the mother, intravenous fluids, or medication to control the mother's blood pressure.

Prognosis

The prognosis for foetal distress varies depending on the cause and the timing of diagnosis and intervention. Early detection and management can significantly improve outcomes.

See also

• Birth asphyxia
• Intrauterine hypoxia
• Neonatal resuscitation