Follicular cysts

Follicular cysts are a type of benign cyst that commonly occur within the ovary. They are fluid-filled sacs that result from the growth of a follicle. Normally, during a woman's menstrual cycle, a follicle matures and releases an egg. However, if the follicle fails to break open and release its egg, it can grow into a cyst. These cysts are often associated with the menstrual cycle, making them a common occurrence among women of reproductive age.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of follicular cysts is not fully understood, but they are closely related to hormonal changes. Factors that may increase the risk of developing these cysts include:

• Hormonal imbalances
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Endometriosis
• Obesity
• Taking fertility drugs

Symptoms

In many cases, follicular cysts do not cause any symptoms and are often discovered incidentally during a routine pelvic examination or imaging test. When symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Pelvic pain - a dull or sharp ache in the lower abdomen on the side of the cyst
• Fullness or heaviness in the abdomen
• Bloating
• Painful menstruation

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of follicular cysts typically involves a combination of:

• Medical history and physical examination
• Ultrasound imaging to visualize the cyst
• Blood tests to check for hormonal imbalances or markers of other conditions

Treatment

Treatment for follicular cysts depends on their size, symptoms, and whether they cause any complications. Options may include:

• Watchful waiting - monitoring the cyst over a period of time for any changes in size or appearance
• Hormonal contraceptives to prevent the formation of new cysts
• Surgery, in cases where the cyst is large, causes significant symptoms, or there's concern for ovarian cancer

Complications

While most follicular cysts are benign and resolve on their own, complications can occur, such as:

• Rupture of the cyst, which can cause severe pain and internal bleeding
• Ovarian torsion, where the ovary twists around its supporting tissues, potentially cutting off its blood supply

Prevention

There is no guaranteed way to prevent follicular cysts, but maintaining a healthy lifestyle and managing risk factors may reduce their likelihood. Regular pelvic exams can also help in early detection and management.

See Also

• Ovarian cyst
• Menstrual cycle
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Endometriosis