Ovarian cyst

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac or pocket within or on the surface of an ovary. While ovarian cysts can be categorized into several types including simple, complex, corpus luteum, and endometrioid cysts, most are benign and may not present any symptoms.

A woman suffering from Ovarian Cysts

Classification of Ovarian Cysts

Simple Ovarian Cysts

Also known as functional cysts, simple ovarian cysts form as part of the menstrual cycle, typically disappearing on their own without treatment.

Large ovarian cyst

Complex Ovarian Cysts

Unlike simple cysts, complex ovarian cysts contain solid material or blood. They are often benign but require further investigation due to an increased risk of malignancy.

Ovarian Cysts

Corpus Luteum Cysts

Following ovulation, the follicle that released the egg may form a cyst, known as a corpus luteum cyst. These typically resolve spontaneously but can cause discomfort.

Endometrioid (Endometrioma) Cysts

Endometrioid cysts, often called "chocolate cysts," are associated with endometriosis. They contain thick, dark blood and can lead to chronic pelvic pain and infertility.

Symptoms

While many ovarian cysts are asymptomatic, symptoms can arise based on the size and type of the cyst. These may include pelvic and abdominal pain, irregular periods, bloating, and in severe cases, sudden and severe pelvic pain due to a ruptured cyst or torsion of the ovary.

Diagnosis

Ovarian cysts are often found during routine pelvic examinations. Additional diagnostic tools include ultrasound, which can provide images of the cyst, and blood tests, which can evaluate for markers of ovarian cancer in the case of complex cysts.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the size, type, and symptoms of the cyst. Watchful waiting is common for asymptomatic, simple cysts, while surgical removal may be necessary for larger, complex, or symptomatic cysts.

See Also

• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
• Endometriosis

References

Ovarian cyst Resources
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