Endometrioma

Endometrioma is a type of cyst that forms when endometrial tissue (the mucous membrane that makes up the inner layer of the uterine wall) grows in the ovaries. It is also referred to as an endometrioid cyst, ovarian endometrioma, or chocolate cyst.

Causes

Endometrioma is a subtype of endometriosis, a condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. The exact cause of endometriosis and endometrioma is unknown, but several theories exist, including retrograde menstruation, coelomic metaplasia, and lymphatic or circulatory spread.

Symptoms

Endometrioma can cause pelvic pain, especially during menstruation or sexual intercourse. Other symptoms may include infertility, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. However, some women with endometrioma may not experience any symptoms.

Diagnosis

Ultrasound is commonly used to diagnose endometrioma. Other diagnostic methods include MRI and laparoscopy. The presence of a homogeneous, low-level echogenicity cyst with diffused low-level echoes is a typical ultrasound finding in endometrioma.

Treatment

Treatment options for endometrioma include pain medication, hormone therapy, and surgery. The choice of treatment depends on the patient's symptoms, the size of the endometrioma, and the patient's desire for pregnancy.

Prognosis

The prognosis for women with endometrioma varies. Some women may experience relief from symptoms with treatment, while others may continue to experience pain. Endometrioma can also affect fertility.

See also

• Endometriosis
• Ovarian cyst
• Pelvic pain

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