Friedrich Hayek

Friedrich_Hayek_portrait

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Friedrich Hayek
Friedrich Hayek in 1981
Born	(1899-05-08)8 May 1899 Vienna, Austria-Hungary
Died	23 March 1992(1992-03-23) (aged 92) Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
Nationality	Austrian, British
Academic career
Institution	London School of Economics, University of Chicago, University of Freiburg
Field	Economics, Political philosophy
School or tradition	Austrian School
Alma mater	University of Vienna
Doctoral advisor	Friedrich von Wieser
Doctoral students	Ronald Coase, Vernon L. Smith
Contributions	Price signal, Spontaneous order, Business cycle theory, Denationalization of money
Awards	Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (1974) Pour le Mérite (1984) Presidential Medal of Freedom (1991)

Friedrich August von Hayek (8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), often referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian-British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. He shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1974 with Gunnar Myrdal for their "pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena."

Early Life and Education

Hayek was born in Vienna, then part of Austria-Hungary, into a family steeped in academic tradition. He attended the University of Vienna, where he earned doctorates in law and political science. His early work was influenced by the writings of Ludwig von Mises, a leading figure in the Austrian School of economic thought.

Academic Career

Hayek's academic career began at the London School of Economics (LSE), where he became a professor in 1931. His debates with John Maynard Keynes during this period were highly influential in shaping economic thought. Hayek argued against Keynesian economics, advocating instead for free-market capitalism.

In 1950, Hayek moved to the University of Chicago, where he was a professor in the Committee on Social Thought. His work during this period included "The Road to Serfdom," a seminal book warning against the dangers of central planning and totalitarianism.

Major Contributions

Hayek made significant contributions to various fields, including:

• Price signal: Hayek argued that prices serve as signals to both consumers and producers, helping to allocate resources efficiently.
• Spontaneous order: He introduced the concept of spontaneous order, explaining how complex systems and social orders can arise without central planning.
• Business cycle theory: Hayek's work on business cycles emphasized the role of monetary policy and its impact on economic fluctuations.
• Denationalization of money: In his later years, Hayek advocated for the denationalization of money, proposing that private institutions should issue competing currencies.

Awards and Honors

Hayek received numerous awards and honors throughout his career, including the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1974, the Pour le Mérite in 1984, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991.

Legacy

Hayek's ideas have had a lasting impact on economic theory and political philosophy. His work continues to be studied and debated by economists, political scientists, and philosophers. He is considered one of the most influential economists of the 20th century.

Related Pages

• Austrian School
• Ludwig von Mises
• John Maynard Keynes
• The Road to Serfdom
• Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
• London School of Economics
• University of Chicago

See Also

• Classical liberalism
• Free-market capitalism
• Economic theory
• Political philosophy

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