Fusaric acid

Fusaric acid

0Fusaric Acid is a mycotoxin primarily produced by the Fusarium species of fungi. It is a potent phytotoxin and has been associated with plant diseases such as Fusarium wilt.

Chemical Structure

Fusaric acid is a derivative of picolinic acid and has the chemical formula C10H11NO3. It is a colorless, crystalline solid with a melting point of 95-96°C. The structure of fusaric acid consists of a pyridine ring attached to a carboxylic acid group and a butenolide ring.

Biosynthesis

The biosynthesis of fusaric acid in Fusarium species involves the condensation of three molecules of acetyl-CoA to form a six-carbon compound, which is then cyclized to form the butenolide ring. The pyridine ring is formed by the condensation of glycine and pyruvate.

Toxicity

Fusaric acid is toxic to both plants and animals. In plants, it inhibits the growth of roots and shoots, and can cause wilting and death. In animals, it can cause symptoms such as tremors, convulsions, and paralysis. The mechanism of toxicity is thought to involve the inhibition of dopamine and norepinephrine synthesis.

Detection and Analysis

Fusaric acid can be detected and quantified using various analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Control and Management

Control of fusaric acid involves the use of resistant plant varieties, crop rotation, and the application of fungicides. Biological control using antagonistic microorganisms is also being explored.

See Also

• Fusarium wilt
• Mycotoxin
• Phytotoxin