Fusobacteria

Fusobacteria are a phylum of anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria, characterized by their fusiform shape. They are non-spore-forming, non-motile, and are found in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract. They are associated with several types of infections, including periodontal diseases, Lemierre's syndrome, and more.

Classification

The phylum Fusobacteria is divided into two families: Fusobacteriaceae and Leptotrichiaceae. The family Fusobacteriaceae includes the genus Fusobacterium, which is the most well-known and studied genus in this phylum.

Morphology

Fusobacteria are rod-shaped, hence the name "fusiform". They are Gram-negative, meaning they do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram stain procedure. They are also non-spore-forming and non-motile.

Habitat

Fusobacteria are part of the normal flora of the human mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract. They are obligate anaerobes, meaning they can only grow in environments without oxygen.

Pathogenicity

Fusobacteria are associated with several types of infections. They are a common cause of periodontal disease, a chronic infection of the gums that can lead to tooth loss. They are also associated with Lemierre's syndrome, a rare but serious infection that can cause sepsis and other complications. In addition, they have been implicated in a variety of other infections, including appendicitis, brain abscesses, and intra-abdominal infections.

Treatment

Treatment of infections caused by Fusobacteria typically involves antibiotics. The choice of antibiotic depends on the specific type of infection and the patient's overall health. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Research

Research into Fusobacteria is ongoing. Recent studies have suggested a possible link between Fusobacteria and colorectal cancer, although more research is needed to confirm this association.