GHRHR

GHRHR (Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GHRHR gene. This receptor is primarily involved in the regulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion from the anterior pituitary gland.

Function

The GHRHR is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds to the growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). Upon binding to GHRH, the receptor activates the adenylate cyclase pathway, leading to an increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. This cascade ultimately results in the secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. Growth hormone plays a crucial role in growth, metabolism, and cellular regeneration.

Structure

The GHRHR is composed of 423 amino acids and has seven transmembrane domains, characteristic of G protein-coupled receptors. The receptor is predominantly expressed in the anterior pituitary gland but can also be found in other tissues.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the GHRHR gene can lead to isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), also known as Dwarfism of Sindh. This condition is characterized by short stature and delayed growth and development. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through genetic testing and hormone assays.

Related Proteins and Pathways

The GHRHR is part of a larger family of G protein-coupled receptors and interacts with various signaling molecules and pathways. It is closely related to other receptors involved in hormone regulation, such as the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor and the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor.

Research and Therapeutic Use

Research on GHRHR has implications for understanding growth disorders and developing treatments for conditions like acromegaly and gigantism, where there is excessive growth hormone production. Therapeutic agents targeting GHRHR or its pathway are being explored for their potential in treating these disorders.

See Also

• Growth hormone
• Anterior pituitary gland
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Isolated growth hormone deficiency
• Adenylate cyclase