GSTA2

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

GSTA2 (Glutathione S-transferase Alpha 2) is an enzyme that belongs to the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family. These enzymes play a crucial role in the detoxification process by catalyzing the conjugation of the antioxidant glutathione to various endogenous and exogenous compounds. This process helps in the neutralization of toxic substances, making them more water-soluble and easier to excrete from the body.

Structure and Function[edit | edit source]

GSTA2 is one of the several isoenzymes of the alpha class of GSTs. The alpha class is known for its high affinity for glutathione and its role in protecting cells from oxidative stress. The enzyme is primarily found in the liver, but it is also present in other tissues such as the kidney, intestine, and lungs. The primary function of GSTA2 is to detoxify harmful compounds, including carcinogens, drugs, and products of oxidative stress. It achieves this by catalyzing the conjugation of these compounds with glutathione, which facilitates their excretion from the body.

Genetics[edit | edit source]

The gene encoding GSTA2 is located on chromosome 6 in humans. It is part of a cluster of GST genes that includes other alpha class members such as GSTA1, GSTA3, and GSTA4. Variations in the GSTA2 gene can affect the enzyme's activity and have been associated with susceptibility to various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

Due to its role in detoxification, GSTA2 is of significant interest in the field of pharmacology and toxicology. Variations in GSTA2 expression and activity can influence an individual's response to drugs and susceptibility to toxic substances. For example, lower levels of GSTA2 have been linked to increased risk of liver disease and certain types of cancer.

Research and Applications[edit | edit source]

Research on GSTA2 has focused on understanding its role in disease prevention and treatment. Studies have investigated its potential as a biomarker for liver damage and its involvement in the development of drug resistance in cancer therapy. Additionally, GSTA2 is being explored as a target for new therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing detoxification processes in the body.

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD