GVHD

GVHD or Graft-versus-host disease is a medical condition that can occur after an allogeneic tissue transplant. It is a complication that can be life-threatening and is caused when the donated bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells view the recipient's body as foreign.

Causes

GVHD is caused by the immune cells (T cells) present in the donated bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells. After the transplant, these cells can attack the recipient's body cells, perceiving them as foreign. This can happen when the donor and the recipient are not a perfect HLA (human leukocyte antigen) match.

Types

There are two types of GVHD: acute and chronic.

Acute GVHD

Acute GVHD usually develops within the first 6 months after the transplant. It typically affects the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract.

Chronic GVHD

Chronic GVHD can develop after the acute phase and can last for many years. It can affect many organs and tissues, including the skin, mouth, eyes, liver, and lungs.

Symptoms

The symptoms of GVHD can vary depending on whether it is acute or chronic. Common symptoms include skin rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and jaundice.

Treatment

Treatment for GVHD typically involves medications that suppress the immune system, such as corticosteroids and cyclosporine. In severe cases, additional treatments may be needed.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for GVHD include using a closely matched donor, removing T cells from the donated cells before the transplant, and using medications to suppress the immune system after the transplant.

See also

• Bone marrow transplant
• Peripheral blood stem cell transplant
• Immune system
• HLA (human leukocyte antigen)

GVHD Resources
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