Gaisböck syndrome

Gaisböck syndrome is a medical condition characterized by an increase in the number of red blood cells (erythrocytosis) in the blood. It is also known as stress polycythemia or pseudo-polycythemia. The syndrome was first described by the Austrian physician Felix Gaisböck in 1905.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Gaisböck syndrome are often non-specific and can vary widely among patients. They may include fatigue, dizziness, headaches, and a feeling of fullness in the left upper abdomen due to an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly). Some patients may also experience a reddish complexion (plethora) due to the increased number of red blood cells.

Causes

The exact cause of Gaisböck syndrome is unknown. However, it is often associated with conditions that lead to an increase in blood volume or viscosity, such as hypertension (high blood pressure), obesity, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is also more common in middle-aged men who smoke and have a history of stress or anxiety.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Gaisböck syndrome is typically based on a complete blood count (CBC) that shows an increase in the number of red blood cells. Other tests may include a bone marrow biopsy to rule out other causes of erythrocytosis, and a measurement of the patient's blood volume to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for Gaisböck syndrome is usually aimed at reducing the symptoms and preventing complications. This may include lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, losing weight, and managing stress. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to reduce the number of red blood cells or to treat underlying conditions.

Prognosis

The prognosis for Gaisböck syndrome is generally good, especially if the underlying cause can be identified and treated. However, if left untreated, the condition can lead to serious complications such as blood clots (thrombosis) and heart failure.

See also

• Polycythemia
• Erythrocytosis
• Hypertension
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease