Gallstone ileus

Gallstone ileus
Synonyms	Bouveret's syndrome (when it causes gastric outlet obstruction)
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, constipation
Complications	Bowel obstruction, perforation, peritonitis
Onset	Typically in older adults
Duration	Variable, depending on treatment
Types	N/A
Causes	Gallstone enters the intestinal tract through a fistula
Risks	Cholecystitis, gallstones, older age
Diagnosis	Abdominal X-ray, CT scan, ultrasound
Differential diagnosis	Small bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, appendicitis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgery to remove the gallstone, possibly cholecystectomy
Medication	Pain management, antibiotics if infection is present
Prognosis	Good with treatment, but depends on patient's overall health
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Gallstone ileus is a rare form of small bowel obstruction caused by an impaction of a gallstone within the lumen (inner space) of the small intestine. Such a condition is the result of a fistula (an abnormal connection) between the gallbladder and the small intestine. The gallstone migrates into the small intestine and causes an obstruction.

Symptoms

The symptoms of gallstone ileus are similar to those of a regular bowel obstruction and can include:

• Abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal distension
• Constipation

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of gallstone ileus is often difficult to establish because of the non-specific nature of its symptoms. However, certain diagnostic tools can be used, such as:

• Abdominal X-ray
• Computed tomography (CT) scan
• Ultrasound
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Treatment

The treatment of gallstone ileus involves surgical removal of the obstructing gallstone. This can be done through a procedure known as enterolithotomy. In some cases, additional procedures may be required to treat the underlying cause of the condition.

Prognosis

The prognosis of gallstone ileus is generally good with appropriate treatment. However, the condition can be serious and potentially life-threatening if left untreated.

See also

• Gallstones
• Bowel obstruction
• Gallbladder disease