Abdominal distension

Abdominal distension refers to a noticeable enlargement or swelling of the abdomen, the region of the body between the chest and the pelvis. This condition can arise from various causes, including overeating, but it is also linked to a number of other health issues.

Physiology and Symptoms

The abdomen may appear visibly swollen or enlarged, leading to discomfort and a feeling of fullness or tightness. Other symptoms may accompany abdominal distension, such as pain, shortness of breath, or belching, depending on the underlying cause.

Causes of Abdominal Distension

While overeating can cause temporary abdominal distension, it may also result from:

• Gastrointestinal gas: This is the most common cause and can be due to swallowed air or the breakdown of undigested foods by gut bacteria.
• Constipation: Prolonged stool retention in the colon can cause distension and bloating.
• Gastrointestinal disorders: Conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and gastroparesis can lead to distension.
• Hormonal fluctuation: Some women may experience distension and bloating during their menstrual cycle.
• Ascites: This is the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, often due to liver disease or cancer.
• Obstruction or blockage: A blockage in the intestines can cause distension.

Diagnosis and Treatment

The approach to diagnosing abdominal distension involves a thorough history and physical examination, along with laboratory and imaging studies if necessary. The treatment of abdominal distension is aimed at addressing the underlying cause.

Prognosis and Prevention

The prognosis for abdominal distension largely depends on the underlying cause. Some simple preventive measures include eating slowly, avoiding overeating, and limiting intake of gas-producing foods.

References

Abdominal distension Resources
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