Gender dysphoria

A condition where a person experiences discomfort or distress due to a mismatch between their gender identity and sex assigned at birth.

A rally for transgender equality, highlighting the social aspects of gender dysphoria.

Gender dysphoria is a psychological condition where an individual experiences significant discomfort or distress due to a discrepancy between their gender identity and their sex assigned at birth. This condition is recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11).

Overview

Gender dysphoria is not classified as a mental illness, but rather a condition that can lead to significant emotional distress if not addressed. It is important to differentiate between gender dysphoria and gender nonconformity, as not all individuals who are gender nonconforming experience dysphoria.

Symptoms

Symptoms of gender dysphoria can vary widely among individuals but often include:

• A strong desire to be of a gender different from the one assigned at birth.
• A strong dislike of one's sexual anatomy.
• A strong desire for the physical sex characteristics of another gender.
• A significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of gender dysphoria is typically made by a mental health professional through clinical assessment. The DSM-5 criteria for gender dysphoria in adults and adolescents include a marked incongruence between one's experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender, lasting at least six months, and associated with clinically significant distress or impairment.

Treatment

Treatment for gender dysphoria often involves a combination of psychological support, hormone therapy, and sometimes surgical interventions. The goal of treatment is to alleviate the distress associated with the condition and to help individuals live in accordance with their gender identity.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy can provide support and guidance for individuals experiencing gender dysphoria. It can help them explore their gender identity and navigate the social and emotional aspects of transitioning.

Hormone Therapy

Hormone therapy involves the administration of hormones to induce physical changes that align with an individual's gender identity. For transgender women, this may include estrogen and anti-androgens, while transgender men may receive testosterone.

Surgical Options

Surgical interventions, often referred to as gender-affirming surgeries, can include chest surgery, genital surgery, and other procedures to alter secondary sex characteristics.

Social and Legal Aspects

Virginia Prince, a pioneer in transgender activism.

Social acceptance and legal recognition of gender identity are crucial for the well-being of individuals with gender dysphoria. Many countries have laws that allow individuals to change their legal gender, though the process and requirements vary widely.

Also see

• Transgender
• Gender identity
• Non-binary gender
• Transgender rights
• Hormone replacement therapy (transgender)