Genetic Marker
Genetic Marker
A Genetic Marker is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species. It can be described as a variation, which may arise due to mutation or alteration in the genomic loci, that can be observed. A genetic marker may be a short DNA sequence, such as a sequence surrounding a single base-pair change (single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP), or a long one, like minisatellites.
Types of Genetic Markers[edit | edit source]
There are different types of genetic markers, including:
- Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP): An older method of finding a locus on a chromosome. It relies on variations in homologous DNA sequences.
- Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP): A more recent method using selective PCR.
- Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP): A variation at a single site in DNA. It is the most frequently occurring genetic variation.
- Short tandem repeats (STR): Also known as microsatellites. They are much easier to use but have a higher mutation rate than RFLPs or SNPs.
Uses of Genetic Markers[edit | edit source]
Genetic markers can be used for various purposes, such as:
- Genetic mapping: Genetic markers are used to study the linkage of different genes.
- Forensic DNA analysis: They can be used to compare the DNA of two biological samples.
- Parentage testing: Genetic markers can be used to confirm the biological parent of an individual.
- Personalized medicine: They can be used to predict an individual's risk of certain diseases.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
