Genetic complementation

Genetic Abnormality is a broad term that refers to any deviation from the normal DNA sequence in an organism. These abnormalities can range from a small mutation in a single gene to the addition or subtraction of an entire chromosome.

Definition

A genetic abnormality or genetic disorder is a condition that is caused by an abnormality in an individual's DNA. They can be caused by a variety of factors, including inherited mutations, acquired changes, or errors made during cell division.

Types of Genetic Abnormalities

There are several types of genetic abnormalities, including single-gene disorders, chromosomal disorders, and complex disorders.

Single-Gene Disorders

Single-gene disorders, also known as Mendelian disorders, are caused by mutations in the DNA sequence of a single gene. Examples include cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Huntington's disease.

Chromosomal Disorders

Chromosomal disorders occur when chromosomes, or parts of chromosomes, are missing, changed or rearranged. Examples include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome.

Complex Disorders

Complex disorders, also known as multifactorial disorders, involve mutations in two or more genes. Often, these disorders are influenced by environmental factors. Examples include heart disease, high blood pressure, Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, diabetes, cancer, and obesity.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Genetic abnormalities can often be diagnosed through genetic testing. This can include blood tests, tissue sampling, or prenatal testing. Treatment for genetic disorders depends on the specific disorder and can include medication, surgery, physical therapy, and gene therapy.

See Also

• Genetics
• Mutation
• Genetic testing
• Gene therapy