Geography of the Comoros

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Geography of the Comoros

The Comoros is an island nation located in the Indian Ocean, situated at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel off the eastern coast of Africa between northeastern Mozambique and northwestern Madagascar. The country consists of three major islands and numerous smaller islets, which are part of the Comoro Archipelago. The major islands are Grande Comore (Ngazidja), Mohéli (Mwali), and Anjouan (Nzwani).

Geographical Features

The Comoros has a total land area of approximately 2,235 square kilometers. The islands are of volcanic origin, and the terrain is rugged and mountainous. The highest point in the Comoros is Mount Karthala, an active volcano on Grande Comore, which rises to an elevation of 2,361 meters. The islands are characterized by a tropical marine climate, with a hot and rainy season from November to April and a cooler, dry season from May to October.

Mount Karthala

Mount Karthala is one of the largest active volcanoes in the world. It has erupted more than 20 times since the 19th century, with the most recent eruption occurring in 2007. The volcano's caldera is a significant geographical feature, and its eruptions have shaped the landscape of Grande Comore.

Coastline and Marine Environment

The Comoros has a coastline of approximately 340 kilometers. The islands are surrounded by coral reefs, which are home to diverse marine life. The coastal areas are characterized by sandy beaches, mangroves, and lagoons. The marine environment is crucial for the country's fishing industry and tourism.

Climate

The climate of the Comoros is tropical and humid, with average temperatures ranging from 24°C to 27°C. The islands experience a distinct wet season and dry season. The wet season, influenced by the Intertropical Convergence Zone, brings heavy rainfall and occasional cyclones. The dry season is characterized by cooler temperatures and lower humidity.

Flora and Fauna

The Comoros is home to a variety of plant and animal species, some of which are endemic to the islands. The islands' forests are rich in biodiversity, with numerous species of trees, shrubs, and flowers. The marine environment supports a wide range of fish, coral, and other marine organisms.

Endemic Species

Several species are unique to the Comoros, including the Comoro black flying fox, the Livingstone's fruit bat, and the Comoro drongo. Conservation efforts are ongoing to protect these and other species from habitat loss and other threats.

Human Geography

The population of the Comoros is approximately 850,000 people. The capital and largest city is Moroni, located on Grande Comore. The islands are divided into three administrative regions, corresponding to the three main islands. The economy is primarily based on agriculture, fishing, and tourism.

Related Pages

• Comoros
• Mount Karthala
• Indian Ocean
• Mozambique Channel
• Moroni, Comoros
• Madagascar