Geography of the Gambia

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Geography of the Gambia

Satellite image of the Gambia

The Geography of the Gambia is characterized by its unique position as the smallest country on mainland Africa, bordered by Senegal on three sides and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. The Gambia is a narrow strip of land that extends approximately 450 kilometers (280 miles) inland from the Atlantic coast, with a width varying between 25 to 50 kilometers (15 to 30 miles).

Topography

The Gambia is predominantly flat, with its highest point being only 53 meters (174 feet) above sea level. The country is bisected by the Gambia River, which flows from east to west and is navigable throughout its length. The river is a central feature of the country's geography and plays a crucial role in its economy and transportation.

Climate

The Gambia has a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season, influenced by the West African Monsoon, lasts from June to October, bringing heavy rainfall and high humidity. The dry season, from November to May, is characterized by lower humidity and cooler temperatures, with the Harmattan wind bringing dry and dusty conditions from the Sahara Desert.

Flora and Fauna

The Gambia's vegetation is primarily savanna and woodland, with mangrove swamps along the riverbanks. The country is home to a variety of wildlife, including hippopotami, crocodiles, and numerous species of birds. The Abuko Nature Reserve and the Kiang West National Park are significant protected areas that conserve the country's biodiversity.

Natural Resources

The Gambia has limited natural resources. The primary resources include fish from the Gambia River and the Atlantic Ocean, as well as small deposits of minerals such as quartz and zircon. Agriculture is a significant part of the economy, with groundnuts (peanuts) being the main cash crop.

Environmental Issues

The Gambia faces several environmental challenges, including deforestation, desertification, and coastal erosion. Efforts are being made to address these issues through reforestation projects and sustainable land management practices.

Administrative Divisions

The Gambia is divided into five administrative regions and one city. These regions are:

• Banjul
• Central River Division
• Lower River Division
• North Bank Division
• Upper River Division
• Western Division

See Also

• Gambia River
• Climate of the Gambia
• Wildlife of the Gambia
• Economy of the Gambia
• History of the Gambia