Gibberella zeae

Gibberella zeae, also known as Fusarium graminearum, is a fungus species that is a significant pathogen of cereal crops. It is responsible for diseases such as Fusarium head blight in wheat and barley, and Gibberella ear rot in maize.

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1884 by Johann Heinrich Robert Fuckel, a German mycologist. It was later reclassified as Fusarium graminearum in 1953. The two names are often used interchangeably, although Gibberella zeae is more commonly used in the context of plant pathology, while Fusarium graminearum is used in the context of mycology.

Description

Gibberella zeae is a filamentous fungus that produces mycelium, a network of hyphae that is used for nutrient absorption. The fungus is characterized by its production of perithecia, flask-shaped structures that produce ascospores, the sexual spores of the fungus. These ascospores are spread by wind and rain splash, and can infect cereal crops under suitable conditions.

Pathogenicity

Gibberella zeae is a major pathogen of cereal crops, causing diseases such as Fusarium head blight and Gibberella ear rot. These diseases can result in significant yield losses and reduce grain quality. The fungus also produces mycotoxins, toxic compounds that can contaminate grain and pose a risk to human and animal health.

Management

Management of Gibberella zeae involves a combination of cultural practices, such as crop rotation and residue management, and the use of resistant varieties and fungicides. However, the fungus is difficult to control due to its ability to survive in crop residues and its wide host range.

See also

• Fusarium
• Fusarium head blight
• Gibberella ear rot
• Mycotoxin