Gingival fibromatosis dominant

Gingival Fibromatosis, Dominant (also known as Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis Type 1, HGF-1) is a rare genetic condition characterized by the excessive growth of the gingiva (gum tissue). This overgrowth can cover the teeth partially or completely, leading to aesthetic concerns, difficulty in chewing, speaking, and maintaining oral hygiene. The condition is typically observed in both deciduous (baby) and permanent teeth and can vary in severity among affected individuals. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning a single copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder.

Causes and Genetics

Gingival Fibromatosis, Dominant is caused by mutations in the SOS1 gene, which plays a crucial role in cell growth and division. Mutations in this gene lead to the overproduction of gum tissue. Being an autosomal dominant condition, if one parent carries the mutation, there is a 50% chance of passing the altered gene to the offspring.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of Gingival Fibromatosis, Dominant is the progressive and excessive growth of gum tissue. This can lead to:

• Difficulty in chewing and speaking
• Displacement of teeth
• Aesthetic concerns
• Potential for increased dental decay and periodontal disease due to difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Gingival Fibromatosis, Dominant is primarily clinical, based on the observation of the characteristic gum overgrowth. A detailed family history can also suggest the hereditary nature of the condition. Genetic testing can confirm the mutation in the SOS1 gene.

Treatment

Treatment options are primarily surgical and involve the removal of the excess gum tissue. This procedure, known as gingivectomy, can improve the appearance and function of the gums. Regular dental check-ups and maintaining good oral hygiene are crucial to manage the condition and prevent recurrence after surgery.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Gingival Fibromatosis, Dominant is generally good, especially with early intervention. Surgical treatment can significantly improve oral function and appearance. However, there is a risk of recurrence, and ongoing dental care is essential.