Gonadotropin

Gonadotropin is a type of glycoprotein hormone that is essential for the proper functioning of the reproductive system in both males and females. These hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary gland and the placenta. The primary gonadotropins are luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Types of Gonadotropins

Gonadotropins can be classified into two main types:

• Luteinizing Hormone (LH): LH is crucial for triggering ovulation in females and stimulating the production of testosterone in males.
• Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): FSH is important for the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in females and for spermatogenesis in males.

Function

Gonadotropins play a vital role in regulating the menstrual cycle and spermatogenesis. In females, FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles, while LH triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum. In males, FSH is essential for the production of sperm, and LH stimulates the production of testosterone by the Leydig cells in the testes.

Regulation

The secretion of gonadotropins is regulated by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH. The levels of these hormones are also regulated by the feedback mechanisms involving sex steroids such as estrogen and testosterone.

Clinical Significance

Gonadotropins are used in various clinical settings, including the treatment of infertility and the diagnosis of hypogonadism. Synthetic and recombinant forms of these hormones are used in assisted reproductive technology (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).

See Also

• Endocrine system
• Hormone
• Reproductive endocrinology
• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary gland