Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Analogues

Detailed article on Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Analogues

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Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Analogues (GnRH analogues) are synthetic peptides modeled after the natural gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is a key hormone in the regulation of the reproductive system. These analogues are used in various medical treatments, including hormone therapy for prostate cancer, endometriosis, and precocious puberty.

Mechanism of Action

GnRH analogues function by interacting with the GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland. The natural GnRH is released in a pulsatile manner, which stimulates the pituitary to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). These hormones, in turn, regulate the function of the gonads (ovaries and testes).

GnRH analogues can be classified into two main types:

• GnRH Agonists: These analogues initially stimulate the GnRH receptors, leading to a temporary increase in LH and FSH secretion. However, with continuous administration, they cause downregulation of the receptors, leading to decreased secretion of LH and FSH, and consequently, reduced production of sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen.

• GnRH Antagonists: These analogues directly block the GnRH receptors, leading to an immediate decrease in LH and FSH secretion without the initial stimulation phase.

Clinical Uses

GnRH analogues are used in various clinical settings:

• Prostate Cancer: GnRH agonists are used in the treatment of prostate cancer by reducing testosterone levels, which can slow the growth of testosterone-dependent cancer cells.

• Endometriosis: By reducing estrogen levels, GnRH analogues help in managing the symptoms of endometriosis, a condition where tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside it.

• Precocious Puberty: In children with precocious puberty, GnRH analogues can delay the onset of puberty by suppressing the premature release of sex hormones.

• Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART): GnRH analogues are used in in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols to control the timing of ovulation.

Side Effects

The use of GnRH analogues can lead to several side effects due to the suppression of sex hormones:

• Hot Flashes
• Decreased Libido
• Osteoporosis
• Mood Changes

Also see

• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
• Luteinizing hormone
• Follicle-stimulating hormone
• Prostate cancer
• Endometriosis
• Precocious puberty