Gothenburg

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Göteborg in moon light

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Gothenburg bu Sentinel-2, 2020-08-15

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Tyska kyrkan Goteborg

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Barken Viking i Göteborg

Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborg, pronounced [jœtɛˈbɔrj]) is the second-largest city in Sweden and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries. Situated by the Kattegat, on the west coast of Sweden, the city proper has a population of approximately 570,000, with a total metropolitan population of about 1 million (as of 2021). It is the capital of Västra Götaland County and an important seaport, known for its Dutch-style canals and leafy boulevards such as the Avenyn, the city's main thoroughfare, lined with many cafes and shops.

History

Gothenburg was founded as a heavily fortified, primarily Dutch, trading colony, by royal charter in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus. In addition to the Dutch, the city was significantly influenced by Scots, Germans, and Swedes throughout the centuries. Gothenburg has been a vital link in Sweden's international trade due to its strategic location near the mouth of the Göta älv river, which is fed by lake Vänern via the Göta Canal, making the city a key entry point to the vast interiors of Scandinavia.

Economy

The economy of Gothenburg is diverse and heavily influenced by trade, due to its strategic location on the west coast. Major industries include shipping, logistics, automotive manufacturing, and information technology. The city is home to Volvo, which was founded in Gothenburg in 1927. The Port of Gothenburg is the largest port in the Nordic countries, handling over half of Sweden's trade, in terms of tonnage.

Culture

Gothenburg is known for its rich cultural scene. It hosts several annual festivals and events, including the Gothenburg Film Festival, the largest film festival in Scandinavia. The city is also home to many museums, such as the Gothenburg Museum of Art, which houses a collection of significant Nordic and international works. Music is an integral part of the city's culture, with the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra being among the most prominent in Scandinavia. Additionally, the city has a vibrant underground music scene.

Education

The city is an educational hub, home to the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, which are among the largest institutions for education and research in Scandinavia. These universities attract students from a wide range of disciplines, contributing to the city's diverse and international atmosphere.

Transport

Gothenburg has an extensive public transportation network, consisting of trams, buses, and ferries, managed by Västtrafik. The city's tram network is the largest in Scandinavia. Gothenburg is also served by two major airports: Gothenburg Landvetter Airport, the second largest in Sweden, and Gothenburg City Airport, mainly used for low-cost carriers.

Sports

The city has a strong sporting tradition, hosting several major sports teams and events. The most popular sports in Gothenburg are football, with the city being home to IFK Göteborg, one of the top teams in Sweden, and ice hockey, with Frölunda HC being one of the leading teams in the Swedish Hockey League. Gothenburg also annually hosts the Göteborgsvarvet, one of the largest half marathons in the world.

See also

• List of cities in Sweden by population
• History of Sweden
• Economy of Sweden
• Culture of Sweden
• Education in Sweden
• Transport in Sweden