Graduated driver licensing

Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) is a system designed to phase in young beginners from low risk driving conditions to higher risk driving conditions. It introduces driving privileges gradually to new drivers, extending their practice driving time and reducing their risk of accidents.

Overview

Graduated Driver Licensing systems are designed to reduce the high accident and fatality rates of young novice drivers. They are structured around the concept of a "novice" stage and an "intermediate" stage before full licensure. The novice stage includes supervised practice, while the intermediate stage allows unsupervised driving, but only in less risky situations.

Components

The key components of Graduated Driver Licensing systems include a minimum age for a learner's permit, a mandatory waiting period before the driver can apply for an intermediate stage, a requirement for a certain number of supervised driving hours, and a night driving restriction. Other components may include a passenger restriction and a minimum age for obtaining an unrestricted license.

Effectiveness

Studies have shown that Graduated Driver Licensing systems are effective in reducing crash rates among young drivers. They have been found to reduce fatal crashes of 16-year-old drivers by 5-30%.

Implementation

Graduated Driver Licensing systems have been implemented in various forms in many countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Sweden. In the United States, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have some form of a GDL system in place.

Criticisms

Critics of Graduated Driver Licensing systems argue that they restrict the freedom of young drivers and may delay the development of full driving skills. However, proponents argue that the safety benefits outweigh these potential drawbacks.

See also

• Driver's education
• Driving license in the United States
• Driving license in Canada
• Driving license in Australia
• Driving license in New Zealand
• Driving license in Sweden

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