HK2

HK2 or Hexokinase 2 is an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the glycolysis pathway, the main pathway of glucose metabolism in the body. It is encoded by the HK2 gene in humans.

Function

HK2 is a key regulator of energy production in the body. It catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in the glycolysis pathway. This reaction is important because it traps glucose within the cell, allowing it to be used for energy production. HK2 is primarily expressed in insulin-sensitive tissues, such as muscle and adipose tissue, where it plays a crucial role in maintaining glucose homeostasis.

Clinical significance

Alterations in HK2 expression and activity have been associated with several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In cancer, HK2 is often overexpressed, leading to increased glycolysis and energy production, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. In diabetes, decreased HK2 activity can lead to impaired glucose uptake and utilization, contributing to hyperglycemia.

Research

Research into HK2 has focused on its role in disease and potential as a therapeutic target. Inhibitors of HK2 have been developed and are being tested as potential treatments for cancer and other diseases characterized by altered glucose metabolism.

See also

• Hexokinase
• Glycolysis
• Warburg effect