Hadol

Haloperidol, commonly known by its trade name Hadol, is a medication primarily used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and certain types of psychosis. It belongs to the class of drugs known as typical antipsychotics or first-generation antipsychotics. Haloperidol works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, which helps reduce symptoms of psychosis such as hallucinations and delusions.

Medical Uses

Haloperidol is indicated for the treatment of:

• Schizophrenia: It helps in managing symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders.
• Acute psychosis: Including drug-induced psychosis and psychotic episodes.
• Tourette syndrome: It can reduce the severity of tics and vocal utterances.
• Bipolar disorder: Particularly in managing manic episodes.
• Agitation and delirium: Especially in a hospital setting, to manage acute agitation in patients.

Dosage and Administration

The dosage of haloperidol varies depending on the condition being treated, the severity of symptoms, and the patient's response to the medication. It can be administered orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously. Long-acting formulations are available for patients requiring steady medication levels.

Side Effects

Haloperidol can cause a range of side effects, including:

• Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS): Such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
• Tardive dyskinesia: A condition involving involuntary, repetitive body movements.
• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS): A rare but serious condition characterized by fever, muscle rigidity, and altered mental status.
• Sedation, dizziness, and hypotension.

Pharmacology

Haloperidol acts primarily by blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the brain, which is thought to reduce psychotic symptoms. It may also have effects on other neurotransmitter systems, contributing to its side effects.

History

Haloperidol was first discovered in 1958 and has since become one of the most widely used antipsychotic medications worldwide. Its introduction marked a significant advancement in the treatment of psychosis and other psychiatric conditions.

Society and Culture

Haloperidol has been included in the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, highlighting its importance in a basic health system. Despite its effectiveness, the use of haloperidol and other typical antipsychotics has declined in favor of newer, second-generation antipsychotics with potentially fewer side effects.

See Also

• Antipsychotic
• Psychosis
• Dopamine antagonist