Haglund's deformity

Haglund's deformity is a bony enlargement on the back of the heel bone that is often associated with painful bursitis, which is an inflammation of the bursa (a fluid-filled sac between the tendon and bone). This condition is also known as "pump bump" due to its common occurrence in women who wear rigid, high-heeled shoes. It can, however, affect anyone regardless of their footwear choices. The deformity involves the formation of a bony protrusion on the posterior aspect of the calcaneus, or heel bone, where the Achilles tendon attaches.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of Haglund's deformity is not well understood, but it is believed to be related to genetics, foot structure, and possibly lifestyle choices. Individuals with high arches, tight Achilles tendons, or those who tend to walk on the outside of their feet are at a higher risk. Wearing shoes with rigid backs, which apply pressure on the back of the heel, can also exacerbate the condition.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Haglund's deformity include a noticeable bump on the back of the heel, pain in the area where the Achilles tendon attaches to the heel, swelling around the bony enlargement, and redness or irritation in the affected area, especially when wearing shoes that rub against the heel.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Haglund's deformity typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare provider, during which the characteristic bump can be observed and palpated. Imaging tests, such as X-rays, can help to confirm the diagnosis by revealing the bony enlargement on the heel bone.

Treatment

Treatment for Haglund's deformity varies depending on the severity of the symptoms. Non-surgical options include:

• Changing footwear to reduce pressure on the heel
• Applying ice to the affected area to reduce swelling
• Taking over-the-counter pain relievers to manage discomfort
• Physical therapy exercises to stretch the Achilles tendon and strengthen surrounding muscles
• Orthotic devices to correct foot mechanics and relieve pressure on the heel

In cases where non-surgical treatments fail to relieve symptoms, surgical intervention may be considered. Surgery typically involves removing the bony enlargement and repairing any damage to the Achilles tendon.

Prevention

Preventive measures for Haglund's deformity focus on reducing pressure on the heel and include wearing shoes with soft backs, using orthotic devices if necessary, and performing exercises to maintain flexibility in the Achilles tendon.

See Also

• Achilles Tendinitis
• Bursitis
• Heel Pain
• Orthopedic Surgery