Hampi

Hampi Vijayanagara in early 16th century, South India

Hampi 2

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Hampi Ruins Map

Hampi, India, View of Hampi Bazaar from Matanga Hill

Hampi, India, Sri Krishna Temple, Ancient ruins of Hampi

Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Karnataka state of India. It was the capital of the historic Vijayanagara Empire, which reached its zenith under the rule of Krishnadevaraya from 1509 to 1529. The ruins of Hampi, as it is known today, are a vast open museum of history, architecture, and religion, sprawling over an area of about 26 square kilometers. It is situated on the banks of the Tungabhadra River, which adds to its scenic beauty and provides a natural boundary to the ancient city.

History

Hampi's history is deeply intertwined with the legends of the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. It is believed to be the site of the ancient kingdom of Kishkindha, where Lord Rama met Hanuman and his monkey army. The historical records of Hampi date back to the 1st century AD, with its significance growing during the reign of the Vijayanagara Empire. The city flourished as a commercial, religious, and cultural center, attracting traders from as far as Persia and Portugal. However, in 1565, Hampi was sacked by the Deccan Muslim confederacy, leading to its decline and eventual abandonment.

Architecture

The architecture of Hampi is a testament to the ingenuity and skill of the Vijayanagara artisans. The site is home to more than 1,600 remains that include temples, palaces, market streets, aquatic structures, and fortifications. Among its many iconic structures, the Virupaksha Temple stands out as a functional temple that has been in continuous use since the 7th century. The Vittala Temple is renowned for its extraordinary stone chariot and musical pillars. Hampi's architectural brilliance is evident in its advanced water management systems, with intricate canals, tanks, and aqueducts.

Culture

Hampi was not only a political capital but also a cultural and religious hub. It hosted the Hampi Utsav, a vibrant festival that continues to this day, celebrating its rich heritage with music, dance, and dramatic performances. The city's ruins speak volumes about the life of its people, their crafts, and their devotion. Inscriptions found at Hampi provide valuable insights into the governance, society, and economy of the Vijayanagara Empire.

Preservation and Tourism

Recognized as a World Heritage Site in 1986, Hampi's preservation has become a priority. Efforts are being made to protect its structures from natural decay and human encroachment. Tourism plays a significant role in Hampi's economy, with visitors coming from across the globe to marvel at its historical and architectural significance. The Karnataka State Government and various international organizations are involved in the conservation and restoration efforts.

See Also

• Vijayanagara Empire
• Krishnadevaraya
• Tungabhadra River
• Virupaksha Temple
• Vittala Temple

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