Herpangina

Herpangina is an acute, self-limiting viral illness often seen in young children, characterized by fever, sore throat, and small, painful ulcers at the back of the throat. It is caused by a group of viruses known as enteroviruses, most commonly Coxsackie virus.

Etiology

Herpangina is primarily caused by the Coxsackie group A viruses, particularly Coxsackie A16. Other enteroviruses, such as Coxsackie B, echovirus, and enterovirus 71, can also cause herpangina. These viruses are part of the Picornaviridae family, which are small, non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses.

Clinical Features

The disease typically begins with a sudden onset of fever, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and a feeling of malaise. These symptoms are followed by the appearance of small, painful ulcers at the back of the throat, on the tonsils, uvula, and soft palate. The ulcers are usually 1-2mm in diameter, with a white or gray base and a red border.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of herpangina is usually based on the clinical presentation. Laboratory tests are not typically needed, but if necessary, the virus can be identified by throat swab and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Treatment

Treatment of herpangina is primarily supportive, aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing dehydration. This may include pain relief with analgesics, adequate hydration, and soft, cold foods to soothe the throat.

Prevention

Prevention of herpangina involves good hygiene practices, such as regular hand washing, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and cleaning surfaces and objects that may be contaminated with the virus.

See Also

• Coxsackie virus
• Enterovirus
• Picornaviridae
• Viral diseases

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