Hinduism in Southeast Asia

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== Hinduism in Southeast Asia ==

Hinduism in Southeast Asia refers to the spread and influence of Hinduism in the region of Southeast Asia. This region includes modern-day countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and the Philippines. The influence of Hinduism in Southeast Asia can be traced back to the early centuries of the Common Era and has left a lasting impact on the culture, architecture, and religious practices of the region.

Historical Background

The spread of Hinduism to Southeast Asia is closely linked to the maritime trade routes between the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Indian traders, priests, and scholars brought with them Hindu religious texts, rituals, and cultural practices. The earliest evidence of Hindu influence in Southeast Asia dates back to the 1st century CE, with the establishment of Indianized kingdoms such as Funan in modern-day Cambodia and Champa in Vietnam.

Indianized Kingdoms

Several Indianized kingdoms emerged in Southeast Asia, adopting Hinduism as a major religion. These include:

• Funan: One of the earliest Indianized kingdoms, located in the Mekong Delta region. Funan was heavily influenced by Indian culture and religion.
• Champa: Located in present-day Vietnam, Champa was known for its Hindu temples and sculptures dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu.
• Srivijaya: A powerful maritime empire based in Sumatra, Indonesia, which played a significant role in the spread of Hinduism and Buddhism in the region.
• Majapahit: A major Hindu-Buddhist empire in Java, Indonesia, known for its cultural and architectural achievements.

Temples and Architecture

Hinduism has left a significant architectural legacy in Southeast Asia, with numerous temples and monuments that reflect Indian architectural styles. Some of the most notable examples include:

• Angkor Wat: Located in Cambodia, Angkor Wat is the largest religious monument in the world and was originally dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu.
• Prambanan: A 9th-century Hindu temple complex in Central Java, Indonesia, dedicated to the Trimurti of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
• My Son: A cluster of abandoned Hindu temples in Vietnam, built by the Champa civilization and dedicated to Shiva.

Cultural Influence

Hinduism has had a profound impact on the culture of Southeast Asia, influencing language, literature, art, and dance. The Ramayana and Mahabharata, two major Hindu epics, have been adapted into various local forms of theater and dance, such as the Wayang puppet theater in Indonesia and the Khon dance in Thailand.

Decline and Legacy

The influence of Hinduism in Southeast Asia began to decline around the 14th century with the rise of Islam and Buddhism. However, Hindu cultural and religious practices continue to be observed in certain communities, particularly in Bali, Indonesia, where Hinduism remains the predominant religion.

Related Pages

• Hinduism
• Buddhism in Southeast Asia
• Islam in Southeast Asia
• Angkor Wat
• Prambanan
• Ramayana
• Mahabharata