History of India (1947–present)

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== History of India (1947–present) ==

The history of India from 1947 to the present encompasses the period following the Partition of India and the subsequent independence of the Republic of India from British rule. This era is marked by significant political, social, and economic changes, as well as India's emergence as a major player on the global stage.

Independence and Partition[edit | edit source]

On August 15, 1947, India gained independence from the British Empire, leading to the creation of two separate nations: India and Pakistan. The Partition of India resulted in widespread violence, mass migrations, and significant loss of life. Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of India, and Mahatma Gandhi played a crucial role in the independence movement.

Early Republic (1947–1964)[edit | edit source]

The early years of the Republic of India were marked by efforts to stabilize the nation and implement democratic governance. The Constitution of India was adopted on January 26, 1950, establishing India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. Nehru's government focused on industrialization, land reforms, and the establishment of educational institutions.

Nehru-Gandhi Era (1964–1984)[edit | edit source]

After Nehru's death in 1964, Lal Bahadur Shastri briefly served as Prime Minister until his sudden death in 1966. Indira Gandhi, Nehru's daughter, then became Prime Minister. Her tenure saw significant events such as the Green Revolution, the Emergency (India), and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, which led to the creation of Bangladesh.

Economic Liberalization (1991–present)[edit | edit source]

In 1991, under the leadership of Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister Manmohan Singh, India initiated a series of economic reforms aimed at liberalizing the economy. These reforms included reducing trade barriers, deregulating industries, and encouraging foreign investment. The liberalization policies led to rapid economic growth and the emergence of India as a global economic power.

21st Century[edit | edit source]

The 21st century has seen India continue to grow economically and politically. The country has faced challenges such as terrorism, climate change, and social inequality, but has also made significant strides in technology, space exploration, and international diplomacy. The rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the leadership of Narendra Modi have further shaped the contemporary political landscape.

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History of India

Timeline
Prehistoric Madrasian culture Soanian, c. 500,000 BCE Neolithic, c. 7600 – c. 1000 BCE Bhirrana 7570 – 6200 BCE Jhusi 7106 BCE Lahuradewa 7000 BCE Mehrgarh 7000 – 2600 BCE South Indian Neolithic 3000 – 1000 BCE
Ancient Indus Valley Civilization, c. 3300 – c. 1700 BCE Post Indus Valley Period (Cemetery H Culture), c. 1700 – c. 1500 BCE Vedic civilization, c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE Kuru kingdom, c. 1200 – c. 500 BCE Early Vedic period Rise of Śramaṇa movement Later Vedic Period Spread of Jainism – Parshvanatha Spread of Jainism – Mahavira Rise of Buddhism Kingdom of Magadha Brihadratha Dynasty 1700 – 682 BCE Haryanka Dynasty 544 – 413 BCE Shaishunaga Dynasty 413 – 345 BCE Nanda Dynasty, 345 – 322 BCE Mahajanapadas, c. 600 – 345 BCE
Classical Kingdom of Magadha Maurya Dynasty, 322 – 185 BCE Pandya Dynasty, 320 BCE - 280 CE Shunga Dynasty, 185 – 73 BCE Kanva Dynasty, 73 – 28 BCE Sangam period 300 BCE – 400 CE Kushan Dynasty, c. 30 – c. 375 CE Satavahana Dynasty, c. 228 BCE – c. 224 CE Gupta Dynasty, c. 240 – c. 550 CE
Early medieval Pallava dynasty, 275 CE - 897 CE Chalukya Dynasty, 543 – 753 CE Pandya Dynasty, 590 CE - 920 CE Harsha's Dynasty, c. 606 CE – c. 647 CE Karakota Dynasty, c. 724 – c. 760 CE Arab Invasion, c. 738 CE Tripartite Struggle, c. 760 – c. 973 CE Pratihara dynasty Rastrakuta Dynasty Pala Dynasty Chola Dynasty, c. 848 – c. 1251 CE 2nd Chalukya Dynasty, c. 973 – c. 1187 CE
Late medieval Delhi Sultanate, 1206 – 1526 CE Mamluk Dynasty Khalji Dynasty Tugluq Dynasty Sayyid Dynasty Lodhi Dynasty Pandyan Empire, 1251 – 1618 CE Vijayanagara, 1336 – 1646 CE Bengal Sultanate, 1342 – 1576 CE
Early modern Mughal Dynasty, 1526 – 1540 CE Suri Dynasty, 1538/40 – 1556 CE Mughal Dynasty, 1556 – 1857 CE Bengal Subah, c. 1576 – c. 1757 CE Maratha Empire, c. 1674 – c. 1818 CE Company Raj, c. 1757 – c. 1858 CE Kingdom of Mysore, c. 1760 – c. 1799 CE Sikh Empire, c. 1799 – c. 1849 CE
Modern The Great Rebellion, 1857 – 1858 CE British Raj, 1858 – 1947 CE Independence Movement Independent India, 1947 CE – present Dominion of India, 1947 – 1950 CE Republic of India, 1950 CE – present
Related articles Timeline of Indian History Dynasties in Indian History Economic History Demographic History Linguistic History Architectural History Art History LGBT history Literary History Philosophical History History of Religion Musical History Education History Coinage History Paper Currency History Science and Technology History List of Inventions and Discoveries Military History Naval History Wars involving India
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