History of nursing in the United States

History of Nursing in the United States

The History of nursing in the United States has its roots in the care provided by family members and neighbors in the early colonial period. However, it was not until the 19th century that nursing began to emerge as a distinct profession.

Early History

During the colonial period, care for the sick was primarily a family responsibility. However, the first hospital in the United States, the Pennsylvania Hospital, was established in 1751 by Benjamin Franklin and Dr. Thomas Bond. This marked the beginning of institutional care in the country.

19th Century

The 19th century saw significant developments in nursing. The American Civil War (1861-1865) played a crucial role in the evolution of nursing in the United States. Dorothea Dix, appointed as the Superintendent of Army Nurses, was instrumental in organizing military hospitals and training nurses.

In 1873, the first three professional nursing education programs were established in New York City, Boston, and New Haven. These programs were based on the model of the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing in London, which emphasized cleanliness, nutrition, and comfort for patients.

20th Century

The 20th century saw further advancements in nursing education and practice. The Goldmark Report in 1923 recommended university-based nursing education, leading to the establishment of collegiate nursing programs.

During the First and Second World Wars, nurses played a vital role in providing care to soldiers and civilians. The establishment of the Cadet Nurse Corps in 1943 helped meet the demand for nurses during World War II.

In the latter half of the 20th century, the role of nurses expanded with the development of advanced practice roles such as Nurse Practitioners and Clinical Nurse Specialists.

21st Century

In the 21st century, nursing continues to evolve in response to societal needs and advances in healthcare. The Institute of Medicine's 2010 report, "The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health," has been influential in shaping the future direction of nursing in the United States.

See Also

• Nursing in the United States
• History of medicine in the United States
• American Nurses Association
• National League for Nursing