History of organic farming

The History of organic farming traces the evolution of a farming system that relies on ecosystems management rather than external agricultural inputs. It is a method of farming system which primarily aimed at cultivating the land and raising crops in such a way, that keeps the soil alive and in good health by use of organic wastes (crop, animal and farm wastes, aquatic wastes) and other biological materials along with beneficial microbes (biofertilizers) to release nutrients to crops for increased sustainable production in an eco-friendly pollution free environment.

Origins

Organic farming practices have been traced back to early 20th-century initiatives, notably in response to rapidly changing farming practices. However, the roots of organic farming can be traced back even further to traditional agricultural methods used before the advent of synthetic chemicals. The term "organic farming" was first coined by Lord Northbourne, a British agronomist, in his book Look to the Land (1940), where he described a holistic, ecologically balanced approach to farming, in contrast to what he called chemical farming.

Development

In the early 20th century, several key figures, including Sir Albert Howard, F.H. King, Rudolf Steiner, and others, contributed to the development of organic farming methods. Sir Albert Howard is often considered the father of modern organic agriculture, having developed an organic farming system based on his scientific studies of traditional practices in India.

Spread and Adoption

After World War II, the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides increased dramatically, which led to a counter-movement advocating for sustainable agricultural practices. This movement gained significant traction in the 1960s and 1970s, paralleling rising environmental awareness and the publication of influential works such as Rachel Carson's Silent Spring.

Modern Organic Farming

Today, organic farming is practiced in many countries and is governed by various regulatory bodies that set standards for production, including the prohibition of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, and the use of farmland that has been free from chemicals for a number of years. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) is one of the leading global organizations dedicated to organic farming.

Challenges and Future

Despite its growth, organic farming faces several challenges including higher labor costs, lower yields, and competition from conventional farming. However, the demand for organic products continues to grow, driven by consumer concerns about health, the environment, and animal welfare.

See Also

• Sustainable agriculture
• Biodynamic agriculture
• Permaculture
• Agroecology