Hurthle cell

Hurthle cell (also known as oxyphil cell or Askanazy cell) is a type of cell found in the thyroid gland. These cells are named after the German pathologist, Karl Hurthle, who first described them in 1894. Hurthle cells are larger than typical thyroid cells and have a unique appearance under the microscope, characterized by abundant granular cytoplasm and a large, centrally located nucleus.

Characteristics

Hurthle cells are unique in their appearance and function. They are larger than typical thyroid cells and are characterized by their abundant, granular cytoplasm. This is due to the high number of mitochondria present in these cells, which gives them their granular appearance. The nucleus of a Hurthle cell is large and centrally located, often taking up a significant portion of the cell's volume.

Function

Hurthle cells are part of the endocrine system and play a role in the production of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are essential for regulating the body's metabolism.

Pathology

In some cases, Hurthle cells can undergo changes that lead to the development of Hurthle cell neoplasms. These are tumors that can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant Hurthle cell tumors are known as Hurthle cell carcinomas and are a rare type of thyroid cancer.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of Hurthle cell neoplasms often involves a fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid gland. Treatment options for Hurthle cell carcinoma can include surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, and thyroid hormone therapy.

See also

• Thyroid
• Thyroid cancer
• Endocrine system
• Fine needle aspiration