Hydroxocobalamin

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

(Redirected from Hydroxycobalamin)

What is Hydroxocobalamin?[edit | edit source]

Hydroxocobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin ball-and-stick animation
Hydroxocobalamin Injection



What are the uses of this medicine?[edit | edit source]

Hydroxocobalamin is used in the treatment of:

  • Pernicious anemia, both uncomplicated and accompanied by nervous system involvement.
  • Dietary deficiency of Vitamin B12, occurring in strict vegetarians and in their breast-fed infants.
  • Malabsorption of vitamin B12, resulting from structural or functional damage to the stomach.
  • Inadequate secretion of intrinsic factor, resulting from lesions that destroy the gastric mucosa.
  • Structural lesions leading to vitamin B12 deficiency include regional ileitis, ileal resections, malignancies, etc.
  • Competition for Vitamin B12 by intestinal parasites or bacteria.
  • Inadequate utilization of vitamin B12.
  • For the Schilling Test.


How does this medicine work?[edit | edit source]

  • Vitamin B12 is essential to growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis.
  • Fifty percent of the administered dose of hydroxocobalamin disappears from the injection site in 2.5 hours.
  • Hydroxocobalamin is bound to plasma proteins and stored in the liver.
  • It is excreted in the bile and undergoes some enterohepatic recycling.
  • Within 72 hours after injection of 500 to 1000 mcg of hydroxocobalamin, 16 to 66 percent of the injected dose may appear in the urine.
  • The major portion is excreted within the first 24 hours.


Who Should Not Use this medicine ?[edit | edit source]

This medicine cannot be used:


What drug interactions can this medicine cause?[edit | edit source]

  • Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.


Is this medicine FDA approved?[edit | edit source]

  • Hydroxocobalamin was first isolated in 1949.
  • It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
  • Hydroxocobalamin is available as a generic medication.


How should this medicine be used?[edit | edit source]

Recommended dosage: Treatment of Vitamin B12 Deficiency:

  • Thirty mcg daily for 5 to 10 days followed by 100 to 200 mcg monthly injected intramuscularly.
  • If the patient is critically ill, or has neurologic disease, an infectious disease or hyperthyroidism, considerably higher doses may be indicated.
  • Children may be given a total of 1 to 5 mg over a period of 2 or more weeks in doses of 100 mcg, then 30 to 50 mcg every 4 weeks for maintenance.
  • Patients who have normal intestinal absorption may be treated with an oral therapeutic multivitamin preparation, containing 15 mcg vitamin B12 daily.

Schilling Test:

  • The flushing dose is 1000 mcg.

Administration:


What are the dosage forms and brand names of this medicine?[edit | edit source]

This medicine is available in fallowing doasage form:

  • As Hydroxocobalamin Injection USP, 1000 mcg/mL is available in a 30 mL multiple dose vial, individually boxed.

This medicine is available in fallowing brand namesː

  • alpharedisol


What side effects can this medication cause?[edit | edit source]

The most common side effects of this medicine include:


What special precautions should I follow?[edit | edit source]

  • Avoid the intravenous route.
  • Folic acid is not a substitute for vitamin B12 although it may improve vitamin B12 deficient megaloblastic anemia. Exclusive use of folic acid in treating vitamin B12 deficient megaloblastic anemia could result in progressive and irreversible neurologic damage.
  • Hypokalemia and thrombocytosis could occur upon conversion of severe megaloblastic to normal erythropoiesis with B12 therapy. Therefore, serum potassium levels and the platelet count should be monitored carefully during therapy.
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency may suppress the signs of polycythemia vera. Treatment with vitamin B12 may unmask this condition.


What to do in case of emergency/overdose?[edit | edit source]

  • In case of overdose, call the poison control helpline of your country. In the United States, call 1-800-222-1222.


Can this medicine be used in pregnancy?[edit | edit source]

  • Pregnancy Category C.
  • It is also not known whether hydroxocobalamin can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Hydroxocobalamin should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.


Can this medicine be used in children?[edit | edit source]

  • Safety and effectiveness for pediatric patients have been established.


What are the active and inactive ingredients in this medicine?[edit | edit source]

Active Ingredient:

  • HYDROXOCOBALAMIN ACETATE

Inactive Ingredients:

  • SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS
  • ACETIC ACID
  • SODIUM CHLORIDE
  • METHYLPARABEN
  • PROPYLPARABEN
  • WATER


Who manufactures and distributes this medicine?[edit | edit source]

Manufactured by:

Distributed by:


What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?[edit | edit source]

  • Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F).


Hydroxocobalamin Resources
Wikipedia


Vitamins[edit source]

A[edit source]

B[edit source]

C[edit source]

D[edit source]

E[edit source]

F[edit source]

I[edit source]

K[edit source]

M[edit source]

N[edit source]

P[edit source]

R[edit source]

S[edit source]

T[edit source]

V[edit source]

Z[edit source]

WikiMD
Navigation: Wellness - Encyclopedia - Health topics - Disease Index‏‎ - Drugs - World Directory - Gray's Anatomy - Keto diet - Recipes

Search WikiMD

Ad.Tired of being Overweight? Try W8MD's physician weight loss program.
Semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound) available.
Advertise on WikiMD

WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Let Food Be Thy Medicine
Medicine Thy Food - Hippocrates

Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The information on WikiMD is provided as an information resource only, may be incorrect, outdated or misleading, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please consult your health care provider before making any healthcare decisions or for guidance about a specific medical condition. WikiMD expressly disclaims responsibility, and shall have no liability, for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered as a result of your reliance on the information contained in this site. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, which may from time to time be changed or supplemented by WikiMD. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter or use this site. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.

Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD