Hyperlaxity

Hyperlaxity, also known as joint hypermobility syndrome, refers to an abnormal increase in the flexibility of the joints, allowing them to be stretched beyond the normal range of motion. This condition is often genetic and can be found in various connective tissue disorders such as Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) and Marfan Syndrome. Hyperlaxity can affect one or multiple joints and is often characterized by symptoms such as pain, frequent dislocations, and sprains.

Causes

Hyperlaxity is primarily caused by variations in the genes responsible for the production of collagen, a key protein that helps in providing strength and elasticity to the connective tissues. Other factors contributing to joint hypermobility include changes in the structure of proteoglycans and the composition of elastin fibers. In some cases, hyperlaxity may also be acquired due to injuries or overuse of joints.

Symptoms

Common symptoms associated with hyperlaxity include:

• Increased range of motion in joints
• Joint pain and discomfort, especially after physical activity
• Frequent joint dislocations and sprains
• Early onset of osteoarthritis
• Muscle fatigue and weakness

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of hyperlaxity involves a physical examination where the Beighton score is commonly used to assess the degree of joint mobility. This scoring system evaluates the flexibility of various joints, including the knees, elbows, and fingers. A high Beighton score indicates a higher degree of hypermobility. Additional tests, such as imaging studies, may be conducted to rule out other conditions and assess the extent of joint damage.

Treatment

While there is no cure for hyperlaxity, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing joint injuries. Strategies may include:

• Physical therapy to strengthen muscles around the joints
• Pain management techniques, such as NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)
• Use of braces or supports to stabilize joints
• Avoiding activities that put excessive stress on the joints
• In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair or stabilize joints

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with hyperlaxity varies depending on the severity of the condition and the presence of underlying connective tissue disorders. With appropriate management, many people with joint hypermobility can lead active and healthy lives. However, they may be at an increased risk for joint-related complications as they age.

See Also

• Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
• Marfan Syndrome
• Osteoarthritis
• Physical therapy