Hypermobility (joints)

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Hypermobility (joints)
Synonyms	Joint hypermobility, hyperlaxity
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Joint pain, joint instability, muscle pain
Complications	Joint dislocation, osteoarthritis, chronic pain
Onset	Childhood or adolescence
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic predisposition, connective tissue disorders
Risks	Family history, female gender
Diagnosis	Beighton score, Brighton criteria
Differential diagnosis	Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Osteogenesis imperfecta
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Physical therapy, pain management, joint protection
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Condition characterized by joints that move beyond the normal range of motion

Hypermobility of the joints is a condition where certain joints in the body have an unusually large range of movement. This condition can be benign or associated with other medical conditions, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or Marfan syndrome. Individuals with joint hypermobility may experience symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to significant pain and increased risk of injury.

Characteristics

Joint hypermobility is often identified by the ability to extend joints beyond the normal range. Commonly affected joints include the knees, elbows, wrists, and fingers. People with hypermobility may be able to touch their thumb to their forearm, bend their fingers back beyond the normal range, or hyperextend their knees and elbows.

Causes

The exact cause of joint hypermobility is not always clear, but it is often hereditary. It is thought to be related to variations in the collagen structure, which affects the connective tissue's elasticity. This can lead to increased flexibility in the ligaments and tendons, allowing for greater joint movement.

Symptoms

While some individuals with hypermobility experience no symptoms, others may suffer from joint pain, frequent dislocations, and soft tissue injuries. Chronic pain and fatigue are also common complaints. In some cases, hypermobility is part of a broader syndrome that affects multiple systems in the body.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of joint hypermobility is typically based on a physical examination and the use of the Beighton score, a system that assesses the range of motion in various joints. A score of four or more out of nine indicates hypermobility. Additional tests may be conducted to rule out associated conditions.

Management

Management of joint hypermobility focuses on alleviating symptoms and preventing injury. This may include physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve joint stability, pain management strategies, and lifestyle modifications to avoid activities that may exacerbate symptoms. In some cases, orthotics or braces may be recommended to support hypermobile joints.

Complications

Individuals with joint hypermobility are at increased risk for joint dislocations, sprains, and osteoarthritis. In cases where hypermobility is part of a syndrome, there may be additional complications affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or other systems.

See also

• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Marfan syndrome
• Connective tissue
• Collagen
• Beighton score