Hypermobility syndrome

Hypermobility Syndrome (HMS), also known as Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (BJHS), is a condition characterized by joints that stretch farther than normal. For some individuals, this condition is associated with pain and other symptoms. Hypermobility is often considered a benign trait, but when it leads to discomfort or interferes with daily activities, it is recognized as a medical condition.

Causes and Genetics

The exact cause of Hypermobility Syndrome is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the properties of the connective tissue. Genetic factors play a significant role, with the condition often running in families. Mutations in certain genes that affect collagen, an essential protein in connective tissue, have been linked to increased joint laxity.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Hypermobility Syndrome can vary widely among individuals. Common symptoms include:

• Joint hypermobility
• Pain in the joints or muscles
• Frequent joint dislocations or sprains
• Fatigue
• Digestive issues, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Autonomic dysregulation, such as orthostatic intolerance

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Hypermobility Syndrome is primarily clinical, based on medical history and physical examination. The Beighton score is a commonly used tool to assess joint laxity, with a score of 4 or more out of 9 indicating generalized hypermobility. However, diagnosis also considers symptoms such as pain and fatigue, which are not accounted for by the Beighton score alone.

Treatment

There is no cure for Hypermobility Syndrome, but treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Treatment options may include:

• Physical therapy to strengthen muscles around the joints
• Pain management strategies, including medications and lifestyle modifications
• Education on joint protection to prevent injuries

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Hypermobility Syndrome varies. While the condition itself is not life-threatening, it can significantly impact quality of life. Early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach to management can help individuals lead active and fulfilling lives.

Epidemiology

Hypermobility Syndrome is a common condition, though its exact prevalence is difficult to determine due to varying diagnostic criteria. It is more frequently diagnosed in females and younger individuals.

See Also

• Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
• Marfan Syndrome
• Joint dislocation
• Connective Tissue Disorder

References

Hypermobility syndrome Resources
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